A piezoelectric stress gauge for measuring dynamic stress in soil and rock media

A piezoelectric stress gauge is described in this paper. Its major performance data are: measuring range 10⁶–10⁸ Pa, response time less than 7μs; non-linearity within ±1% and total stress measurement error within ± 10%. It can be used for measuring dynamic stress in soil, rock and concrete media as well as dynamic force and dynamic pressure in fluids.     

膨胀土的现场抗剪试验研究

由于膨胀土的裂隙性和超固结特性,膨胀土的抗剪强度不仅是膨胀土地区边坡设计的重要依据,而且一直是膨胀土边坡研究领域的重要课题。本文以南阳膨胀土为例,对膨胀土现场抗剪试验的试样制备及试验方法进行探讨,通过对该地区典型滑坡反算证明,文中的现场抗剪试验方法及抗剪强度的计算公式是合理的。     

广义Voigt土模型条件下桩的纵向振动响应与应用

研究了桩侧土广义Voigt模型条件下，任意层桩土系统的振动特性，并求得了桩顶在瞬态半正弦脉冲荷载作用下，桩顶的时域纵向响应的半解析解，同时结合基桩完整性检测的机械阻抗法和反射波法研究了各主要模型参数以及土层界面、桩身缺陷等对桩顶时、频响应曲线的影响，得到了许多结论。结果表明，得到的理论成果相比于已有理论更加完善并能更好地反映客观实际，将为基桩完整性定量化检测创造条件。     

Numerical simulation of soil–water interaction using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method

An application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulation of soil–water interaction is presented. In this calculation, water is modeled as a viscous fluid with week compressibility and soil is modeled as an elastic–perfectly plastic material. The Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is applied to describe the stress states of soil in the plastic flow regime. Dry soil is modeled by one-phase flow while saturated soil is modeled by separate water and soil phases. Interaction between soil and water is taken into account by means of pore water pressure and seepage force. Simulation tests of soil excavation by a water jet are calculated as a challenging example to verify the broad applicability of the SPH method. The excavations are carried out in two different soil models, one is dry soil and the other is fully saturated soil. Numerical results obtained in this paper have shown that the gross discontinuities of soil failure can be simulated without any difficulties. This supports the feasibility and attractiveness of this a new approach in geomechanics applications. Advantages of the method are robustness, conceptual simplicity and relative ease of incorporating new physics.     

爆炸荷载作用下软土地基的变形特性

通过现场实验和数值模拟分析了软土地基在爆炸荷载作用下长期和瞬间的变形特性,分析了影响爆炸效果的主要因素和条形药包爆炸后冲击波的显著影响范围,并讨论了爆炸固结法处理软土地基的作用机理,表明该法具有加快固结速度的特点,有利于提高施工速度,缩短工期。     

关于软土状态确定标准的讨论

软土状态是软土勘探、设计和施工中常用评价内容或依据。由于状态确定依据差异, 使结果颇多出入。     

Constitutive modeling of soil-structure interface through the concept of critical state soil mechanics

The behavior of soil-structure interface can be crucial to the overall response of a soil-structure system. The numerical simulation of soil-structure interaction problem requires proper modeling of the interface. The similarity between the behavior of soil and interface is first analyzed in the present paper. With this similarity, the concept of critical state soil mechanics (CSSM), which has been successfully used in the modeling of soil behavior, is used to develop a constitutive model for soil-structure interface in the framework of generalized plasticity. The model is capable of modeling strain hardening, softening, normal dilatancy and stress-path dependency of interface between sandy soil and structures during shearing. The effects of normal pressure as well as density of sand are captured in the model. The performance of the model is verified with various experimental results. The unified modeling of the behavior of interfaces with different roughness, different density of soil and different normal pressures using the concept of CSSM is also successfully attempted.     

Modification of a mouldboard plough surface using arrays of polyethylene protuberances

Surface design modifications have recently exhibited a means of reducing soil-tool adhesion. The tribological characteristics of soil-burrowing animals were employed on tillage machinery to study the effect on adhesion. Considering the characteristics of dung beetles, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) protuberances were mounted as embossed arrays on a mouldboard plough. To investigate a suitable geometry of such protuberances, five shapes were studied (flat, semi-spherical, semi-oblate, semi short-prolate and semi long-prolate) using a combination of base diameters and protrusion heights. The dimensionless height to diameter ratio (HDR) was used to characterize the geometry. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the resultant influence of various geometrical shapes and sizes of the protuberances (base diameter: 20–50 mm; protrusion height: 0–50 mm) on lowering the ploughing resistance of the mouldboard plough in Bangkok clay soil. A comparison was made between the modified and the conventional plough in dry (21.8% (d.b.)), sticky (37.2% (d.b.)), wet (49.1% (d.b.)) and flooded (64.3% (d.b.)) Bangkok clay soil at 1, 3 and 5 km/h forward speeds. Percent reduction in ploughing resistance of bionic mouldboard plough in these soil conditions with HDR = 0 was 1–6% in dry soil, 16–22% in sticky soil, 14–20% in wet soil and 8–12% in flooded soil. With HDR = 0.25 the ploughing resistance was reduced by 2–7% in dry soil, 18–36% in sticky soil, 17–33% in wet soil and 15–28% in flooded soil. Similarly with HDR = 0.5, it reduced by 10–16% in sticky soil, 6–17% in wet soil and 12–26% in flooded soil. Whereas, HDR > 0.5 increased the ploughing resistance by 7–29%.     

Thrust and slip of a track determined by the compression–sliding approach

Driving gear of a vehicle (here a track) generates thrust as a reaction to the opposite force taken by the ground. This force causes rearward soil deformation, which is associated with vehicle slippage. The presented compression–sliding (CS) approach, based on field measurements with the original double plate (DP) meter, states that the soil deformation as a consequence to the increasing thrust occurs in two principal stages: (a) primary horizontal soil compression, which steadily increases towards the back of the contact length forming virtual soil segments among neighboring grousers and (b) secondary slide of these sheared off segments referred to as soil blocks, which may collapse under specific conditions. These two stages are separated by a transient situation when both the compression and sliding occur simultaneously.The respective compression–sliding (CS) approach enables to analyze the effect of track arrangement, design and loading on its thrust–slip characteristics. The paper also deals with situation of the existing shear plane theory in view of the CS approach and finally suggests a practical thrust–slip function complying with the CS logic.     

风干含水量W65用作膨胀土判别分类指标的可行性研究

本文针对膨胀土的判别分类指标存在的一些问题,提出一种新指标--风干含水量W65.文中详细研究了它的测试方法,它与膨胀土的物理化学活性,物性指标及自由膨胀率δef等的关系。结果表明,W65能很好反映膨胀土的矿物组成或物理化学活性特征,而δef或WL则更能反映土的粒度组成或分散性特征。最后,在继承δef的判别分类成果基础上,考虑到塑性图的优点,建议采用W65-WL判别分类图。该图能区分膨胀土与典型红粘土,较单一指标判分膨胀土更合理适用。